MRI is an examination that lasts 10 to 20 minutes in "sequences" of 2 to 3 minutes, during which you should not move. It is advisable to wear earplugs because MRI is a very noisy machine.
In visceral and cerebral pathology, a gadolinium-based contrast agent is frequently injected intravenously. This enables vessels to be seen clearly and tissues to be analysed accurately.
The only absolute contraindication to MRI is a pacemaker.
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The MRI image is formed by the interaction of a magnetic field and a radio frequency on the orientation of hydrogen atoms (protons). The magnet is used to orient all the protons in the same direction. They are then moved away from this direction by the energy given by a radio frequency generated by an antenna. When the emission from the antenna is interrupted, the protons return to their equilibrium position in the magnetic field (relaxation), giving back energy that can be read by the same antenna.
The antenna is specific to the anatomical regions explored: brain, spine, joints. The T1 and T2 relaxations of the protons depend on the tissue, so that two images of different tissue contrasts can be obtained. These images are called T1 and T2 weighted images.
MRI is now the first-line examination in the diagnostic and pre-therapeutic assessment of soft-tissue tumours for which plain X-rays and ultrasound are insufficient. Even if it does not enable a specific diagnosis to be made, it is essential for assessing locoregional extension prior to biopsy or excision.
"MRI is the reference imaging technique for post-treatment follow-up".
A gadolinium-based contrast agent is injected into a joint prior to MRI in order to improve analysis of the meniscus cartilage when it has been operated on, the ligaments in the ankle or wrist, the rotator cuff tendons or glenoid bulge in the shoulder, the acetabular bulge in the hip or to look for intra-articular foreign bodies.
Study of articular cartilage and acetabular rim
The main indications for MRI of the wrist are soft tissue tumours, tendon studies (rupture, tenosynovitis), bone and ligament lesions, inflammatory rheumatism, necrosis of the semilunar or scaphoid bone, and carpal tunnel syndrome. In the fingers, MRI is the reference examination for tendon lesions and digital pulleys.
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